Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad)
جماعة التوحيد والجهاد
A flag that was in use by Jama'at al-Tawhid wal Jihad in late 2004
Founder	Abu Musab al-Zarqawi †
Leaders	Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † Abu Anas al-Shami † Omar Husayn Hadid al-Muhammadi †
Dates of operation	1999[1]–17 October 2004[2]
Headquarters	Fallujah
Active regions	Iraq, limited in Jordan
Ideology	Takfirism[3][4][5] Qutbism[5] Salafi Jihadism[5] Wahhabism[3] Islamic extremism[3] Sectarianism[3][4] Anti-Shi'ism[5][3][6] Anti-Christianism[7][3] Anti-Western sentiment[3] Anti-Iranian sentiment[3] Anti-Turkish sentiment[8] Anti-secularism
Allies	Ansar al-Islam (associate)[9][10] Islamic Army of Iraq (sometimes) Ansar al-Sunnah (sometimes) Jaish al-Rashideen (sometimes) Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance (sometimes) Jeish Muhammad (sometimes)
Opponents	Multi-National Force – Iraq Coalition Provisional Authority  United States  Jordan  Iran  Turkey  Japan[11]  United Nations
Battles and wars	Iraqi insurgency First Battle of Fallujah Battle of Samarra (2004)
Designated as a terrorist group by	Kyrgyzstan[12]  Malaysia[13]
Succeeded by Al-Qaeda in Iraq

Part of a series on the
History of the Islamic State
Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999–2004) Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006) Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah (2004–2006) Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (2004–2006) Mujahideen Shura Council (2006) Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2013) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013–2014) Islamic State (2014–present)
By topic
Administrative divisions Beheadings Claimed oil fields Destruction of cultural heritage Human rights Ideology Jihadist flag Members Military List of battles Territorial claims Timeline of terrorist incidents
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, lit. 'Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad'), abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group.^[14] It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters^[15] with a considerable Iraqi membership.^[9][1]

On 17 October 2004, al-Zarqawi pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, and the group became known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim).^[2][16] After several mergers with other groups and the formation of the Mujahideen Shura Council, it changed its name several times until it called itself Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006.